Primary moult studies - Birds4Africa

At least 142 bird species have at least one moult study using the Underhill-Zucchini moult model. Here is a list of these species, sorted by family alphabetically.

Hoopoe – a species for which moult has not yet been analysed by the UZ method

Bird family	English name	Latin name	Moult duration (days)	Reference
Accipitridae	Bearded Vulture	Gypaetus barbatus	143	Zuberogoitia et al. 2016
Acrocephalidae	Melodious Warbler	Hippolais polyglotta	65	Salewski et al. 2004
Aegithalidae	Long-tailed Tit	Aegithalos caudatus	92-100	Frater and Redfern 2012; Morrison et al. 2015
Alcidae	Least Auklet	Aethia pusilla	63	Bond et al. 2013
Apodidae	Pallid Swift	Apus pallidus	130	Boano et al. 2015
Bucconidae	White-eared Puffbird	Nystalus chacuru	191	Silveira and Marini 2012; moult model applied to data supplied by authors
Burhinidae	Eurasian Stone-curlew	Burhinus oedicnemus	162	Giunchi et al. 2008
Charadriidae	European Golden Plover	Pluvialis apricaria	100-116	Machin et al. 2018
Charadriidae	Greater Sand Plover	Charadrius leschenaultii	76-148	Yang et al. 2020; Jackson 2017
Charadriidae	Grey Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	90-131	Balachandran et al. 2000; Minton and Serra 2001; Pearson et al. 2002; Serra and Rusticali 1998; Serra et al. 1999; Serra et al. 2006
Charadriidae	Hooded Dotterel	Thinornis cucullatus	203	Rogers et al. 2014
Charadriidae	Lesser Sand Plover	Charadrius mongolus	152-154	Jackson 2017
Charadriidae	Wrybill	Anarhynchus frontalis	73	Scott in prep.
Cisticolidae	Black-chested Prinia	Prinia flavicans	67-108	Herremans 1999
Cisticolidae	Levaillant’s Cisticola	Cisticola tinniens elegans (brookei)	61-76	Herremans et al. 1999
Columbidae	European Turtle Dove	Streptopelia turtur	177	Underhill and Scott 2021
Columbidae	Laughing Dove	Spilopelia senegalensis	215	Scott in prep.
Columbidae	Ring-necked Dove	Streptopelia capicola	192	Underhill et al. 1999
Columbidae	Speckled Pigeon	Columba guinea	218	Underhill and Underhill 1997
Corvidae	Alpine Chough	Pyrrhocorax graculus	117	Winkler et al. 1988
Emberizidae	Common Reed Bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus	71	Morrison et al. 2015
Emberizidae	Yellowhammer	Emberiza citrinella	42	Scott in prep.
Estrildidae	African Firefinch	Lagonosticta rubricata	103	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Estrildidae	Brown Firefinch	Lagonosticta nitidula	88	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Estrildidae	Common Waxbill	Estrilda astrild	79-111	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Estrildidae	Green-winged Pytilia	Pytilia melba	121-144	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Estrildidae	Jameson’s Firefinch	Lagonosticta rhodopareia	104	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Estrildidae	Orange- breasted Waxbill	Amandava subflava	85	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012 [but long moult in Colahan 1982]
Estrildidae	Red-billed Firefinch	Lagonosticta senegala	114	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Estrildidae	Red-headed Finch	Amadina erythrocephala	185	Scott in prep.
Estrildidae	Violet-eared Waxbill	Granatina granatina	113	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Fringillidae	Citril Finch	Carduelis citrinella	81	Fernández- Eslava et al. 2020
Fringillidae	Common Chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs	51-98	Morrison et al. 2015; Scott in prep.
Fringillidae	Common Linnet	Linaria cannabina	61	Strinella et al. 2015
Fringillidae	Common Redpoll	Acanthis flammea	43	Scott in prep.
Fringillidae	Eurasian Bullfinch	Pyrrhula pyrrhula	73-96	Morrison et al. 2015; Newton and Rothery 2000
Fringillidae	European Goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis	77-108	Newton and Rothery 2009; Morrison et al. 2015; Scott in prep.
Fringillidae	European Greenfinch	Chloris chloris	60-100	Newton and Rothery 2005′ Scott in prep.
Fringillidae	Red Crossbill	Loxia curvirostra	114	Fernández- Eslava et al. 2020
Fringillidae	Tenerife Blue Chaffinch	Fringilla teydea (teydea)	66	Garcia-Del- Ray and Gosler 2005
Furnariidae	Rufous- fronted Thornbird	Phacellodomus rufifrons	174	Silveira and Marini 2012
Haematopodidae	African Oystercatcher	Haematopus moquini	154	TC Bate (in examination)
Haematopodidae	Pied Oystercatcher	Haematopus longirostris	161	TC Bate (in examination)
Haematopodidae	Sooty Oystercatcher	Haematopus fuliginosus	158-176	Hansen et al. 2009; TC Bate (in examination)
Haematopodidae	South Island Pied Oystercatcher	Haematopus finschi	126	TC Bate (in examination)
Haematopodidae	Variable Oystercatcher	Haematopus unicolor	155	TC Bate (in examination)
Hirundinidae	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	123	Burman 2016
Hydrobatidae	European Storm Petrel	Hydrobates pelagicus		Zuberogoitia et al. 2016; Arroyo et al. 2004
Indicatoridae	Lesser Honeyguide	Indicator minor	140	Underhill et al. 1995
Laridae	(South American) Black Skimmer	Rynchops niger intercedens	196	Vieira 2017
Laridae	Black Skimmer	Rynchops niger	194	Vieira et al. 2017
Laridae	Grey-headed Gull	Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus	136	McInnes 2006
Laridae	Hartlaub’s Gull	Chroicocephalus hartlaubii	115	Crawford and Underhill 2003
Laridae	Kelp Gull	Larus dominicanus vetula	168	Ward et al. 2007
Laridae	Roseate Tern	Sterna dougallii	258	Tree et al. 2019
Motacillidae	Water Pipit	Anthus spinoletta	64	Strinella et al. 2015
Muscicapidae	Black Redstart	Phoenicurus ochruros	49	Strinella et al. 2015
Muscicapidae	Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica namnetum	37	Musseau et al. 2017
Muscicapidae	Cape Robin- Chat	Cossypha caffra	50-64	Bonnevie et al. 2003
Muscicapidae	European Robin	Erithacus rubecula	100	Morrison et al. 2015
Muscicapidae	European Stonechat	Saxicola rubicola	68	Flinks et al. 2008
Muscicapidae	Northern Wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe	52	Strinella et al. 2015
Paridae	Eurasian Blue Tit	Cyanistes caeruleus	104	Morrison et al. 2015
Paridae	Great Tit	Parus major	106	Morrison et al. 2015
Paridae	Marsh Tit	Poecile palustris	67	Broughton et al. 2008
Passerellidae	Saltmarsh Sparrow	Ammospiza caudacuta	51	Borowske et al. 2017
Passerellidae	Seaside Sparrows	Ammospiza maritima	57	Borowske et al. 2017
Passeridae	House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	61-111	Morrison et al. 2015; Scott in prep.
Passeridae	White-winged Snowfinch	Montifringilla nivalis	76	Strinella et al. 2011
Phylloscopidae	Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus	31-69	Underhill et al. 1992; Salewski et al. 2004; Morrison et al. 2015
Phylloscopidae	Wood Warbler	Phylloscopus sibilatrix	61	Jarrett et al. 2021
Ploceidae	Bannerman’s Weaver	Ploceus bannermani	159	Barshepand Manu 2013
Ploceidae	Cape Weaver	Ploceus capensis	98-124	Oschadleus 2005; Craig et al. 2001
Ploceidae	Chestnut Weaver	Ploceus rubiginosus	198	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Osborne 2005
Ploceidae	Eastern Golden Weaver	Ploceus subaureus	66	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Fan-tailed Widowbird	Euplectes axillaris	51	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Long-tailed Widowbird	Euplectes progne	61	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Red-billed Quelea	Quelea quelea	75-124	Oschadleus 2005; Craig et al. 2001
Ploceidae	Red-collared Widowbird	Euplectes ardens	60	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Sociable Weaver	Philetairus socius eremnus	169-216	Oschadleus 2004, Oschadleus 2005
Ploceidae	Southern Masked Weaver	Ploceus velatus	67-84	Oschadleus et al. 2000; Craig et al. 2001; Oschadleus 2005
Ploceidae	Southern Red Bishop	Euplectes orix	72-89	Craig et al. 2001; Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Spectacled Weaver	Ploceus ocularis	114	Oschadleus 2005
Ploceidae	Thick-billed Weaver	Amblyospiza albifrons	71-73	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Village Weaver	Ploceus cucullatus	96-109	Craig et al. 2001; Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	White-winged Widowbird	Euplectes albonotatus	47	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Ploceidae	Yellow Bishop	Euplectes capensis	103	Oschadleus 2005, Oschadleus and Underhill 2006
Procellariidae	Sooty Shearwater	Ardenna grisea	159	Cooper et al. 1991
Procellariidae	White-chinned Petrel	Procellaria aequinoctialis	106	OE Adekola and PG Ryan (unpubl. data)
Prunellidae	Dunnock	Prunella modularis	45-80	Morrison et al. 2015; Scott in prep.
Pycnonotidae	Common Bulbul	Pycnonotus barbatus	138	Nwaogu et al. 2019
Pycnonotidae	Sombre Greenbul	Andropadus importunus importunus	95-130	Bonnevie 2014
Scolopacidae	Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa lapponica	58-124	Yang et al. 2020; M Remisiewicz, H Sitters and CMD Minton (unpubl. data)
Scolopacidae	Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa	84-127	Marquez- Ferrando et al. 2018; M Remisiewicz, H Sitters and CMD Minton (unpubl. data)
Scolopacidae	Bristle-thighed Curlew	Numenius tahitiensis	92	Marks 1993
Scolopacidae	Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	105-122	Remisiewicz et al. 2014
Scolopacidae	Common Redshank	Tringa totanus	72	Underhill et al. 1990
Scolopacidae	Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	73-129	Figuerola and Bertolero 1995; Barshep 2011
Scolopacidae	Dunlin	Calidris alpina arcticola	70-100	Taylor et al. 2018
Scolopacidae	Eurasian Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	124	M Remisiewicz, H Sitters and CMD Minton (unpubl. data)
Scolopacidae	Eurasian Curlew	Numenius arquata	65	Yang et al. 2020
Scolopacidae	Far Eastern Curlew	Numenius madagascariensis	116-137	M Remisiewicz, H Sitters and CMD Minton (unpubl. data)
Scolopacidae	Great Knot	Calidris tenuirostris	56	Yang et al. 2020
Scolopacidae	Least Sandpiper	Calidris minutilla	54	Galindo- Espinosa et al. 2013
Scolopacidae	Little Stint	Calidris minuta	102-144	CHW Jackson, DJ Pearson and M Remisiewicz (unpubl. data); M Remisiewicz and AJ Tree (unpubl. data)
Scolopacidae	Long-toed Stint	Calidris subminuta	70	Round et al. 2012
Scolopacidae	Nordmann’s Greenshank	Tringa guttifer	65	Yang et al. 2020
Scolopacidae	Purple Sandpiper	Calidris maritima	48-61	Summers et al. 1990, Summers et al. 2004
Scolopacidae	Red Knot	Calidris canutus canutus	71-95	Summers et al. 2010; Dietz. et al 2013, Dietz et al. 2015
Scolopacidae	Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	74-119	Skewes et al. 2004; Summers et al. 1989
Scolopacidae	Sanderling	Calidris alba	98	Underhill 2003
Scolopacidae	Spoon-billed Sandpiper	Calidris pygmaea	73	Yang et al. 2020
Scolopacidae	Terek Sandpiper	Xenus cinereus	99-134	Jackson 2017
Scolopacidae	Western Sandpiper	Calidris mauri	62	Galindo- Espinosa et al. 2013
Scolopacidae	Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	131	Remisiewicz et al. 2009
Stercorariidae	Great Skua	Stercorarius skua	147	Van Bemmelen et al. 2018
Stercorariidae	Long-tailed Jaeger	Stercorarius longicaudus	82	Van Bemmelen et al. 2018
Stercorariidae	Parasitic Jaeger	Stercorarius parasiticus	122	Van Bemmelen et al. 2018
Stercorariidae	Pomarine Jaeger	Stercorarius pomarinus	118	Van Bemmelen et al. 2018
Sturnidae	Common Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	94-108	Morrison et al. 2015; Rothery et al. 2001; Cooper and Underhill 1991
Sturnidae	Pale-winged Starling	Onychognathus nabouroup	151-164	Craig 2012b
Sturnidae	Siamese Pied Myna	Gracupica floweri	110	Round et al. 2014
Sturnidae	Splendid Starling	Lamprotornis splendidus chrysonotis	70-130	Craig 2012a
Sulidae	Cape Gannet	Morus capensis	154-177	Adekola et al. 2021
Sylviidae	Common Whitethroat	Curruca communis	48-67	Morrison et al. 2015; Remisiewicz et al. 2019
Sylviidae	Eurasian Blackcap	Sylvia atricapilla	41-71	Morrison et al. 2015; Misztal 2015
Sylviidae	Garden Warbler	Sylvia borin	75	Krawczyk 2016
Thraupidae	Shrike-like Tanager	Neothraupis fasciata	131	Silveira and Marini 2012; moult model applied to data supplied by authors
Thraupidae	Wedge-tailed Grass Finch	Emberizoides herbicola	85	Silveira and Marini 2012; moult model applied to data supplied by authors
Turdidae	Common Blackbird	Turdus merula	100	Morrison et al. 2015
Turdidae	Olive Thrush	Turdus olivaceus	53-89	Bonnevie et al. 2003
Tyrannidae	Lesser Elaenia	Elaenia chiriquensis	104	Silveira and Marini 2012; moult model applied to data supplied by authors
Tyrannidae	Plain-crested Elaenia	Elaenia cristata	165	Silveira and Marini 2012; moult model applied to data supplied by authors
Viduidae	Dusky Indigobird	Vidua funerea	131	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Viduidae	Long-tailed Paradise- Whydah	Vidua paradisaea	184	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Viduidae	Pin-tailed Whydah	Vidua macroura	85-160	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Viduidae	Purple Indigobird	Vidua purpurascens	67	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Viduidae	Shaft-tailed Whydah	Vidua regia	127	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Viduidae	Village Indigobird	Vidua chalybeata	87	Bonnevie and Oschadleus 2012
Zosteropidae	Cape White- eye	Zosterops virens	69-77	Hulley et al. 2004
Zosteropidae	Orange River White-eye	Zosterops pallidus	78	Hulley et al. 2004
Zosteropidae	Silvereye	Zosterops lateralis	74	Scott in prep.